# 2.3. Linux Installation

## 2.3.1. Overview

For Linux systems, SFTPPlus is distributed as a gzipped TAR archive. Installing SFTPPlus consists of unpacking the archive, initializing the configuration, and generating the SSH keys and the SSL key / certificate pair to be used by the product.

The included default configuration requires the creation of a system account, usually named sftpplus, under which the SFTPPlus process is executed. This is a special type of OS user also known as a service account.

Optionally, you may choose to start SFTPPlus as root, especially if you want it to authenticate operating system users. The service account is still required in order to drop privileges for all other operations.

This dedicated OS user should not be used in any other way, doesn't require a password to be set for it, and should not be available through SFTPPlus services even if authenticating operating system users is enabled.

To have SFTPPlus started at boot, you can use one of the included unit, init, or service files. These service initialization files have been tested on all supported distributions, but they should work on other systems as well.

All steps beyond unpacking the archive can be handled by the shell script found at `./bin/install.sh` in the hierarchy of SFTPPlus files.

## 2.3.2. Unpacking the archive

After downloading the compressed archive, you can extract its files using the following command:

    tar xfz sftpplus-os-arch-version.tar.gz

To install SFTPPlus, move (or copy/link) the unpacked directory to your preferred installation path, for example: `/opt/sftpplus`.

Note

If `/opt/sftpplus` already exists from a previous cycle of installation and uninstallation, make sure you don't put the files into `/opt/sftpplus/sftpplus-os-arch-version` when issuing:

    mv sftpplus-os-arch-version /opt/sftpplus

SFTPPlus may be installed in any location on the local file system. In this documentation page we assume that SFTPPlus is unpacked in the `/opt/sftpplus` directory (we discuss INSTALL_ROOT more later). Avoid using spaces or special characters in the SFTPPlus installation path.

## 2.3.3. Shell script installer

The easiest way to install SFTPPlus is to execute the shell script found at `./bin/install.sh` in the hierarchy of SFTPPlus files, for example:

    /opt/sftpplus/bin/install.sh

The `./bin/install.sh` script will guide you through all the necessary steps. Only go further down this page for manual installation or debugging.

## 2.3.4. Initializing the configuration

When installing SFTPPlus on a machine for the first time, you need to generate the initial configuration file and machine-specific SSH keys. A self-signed SSL certificate will also be generated to help with the initial FTPS and HTTPS testing.

To initialize a fresh SFTPPlus installation, execute the following command (where ADMIN should be replaced with your favourite administrative username and PASS with a password to be used for the SFTPPlus ADMIN user):

    cd /opt/sftpplus
    ./bin/admin-commands.sh initialize --init-admin ADMIN --init-password PASS

Default configuration allows external connections to the management web page. Therefore, use a secure password to protect the management web page.

Note

If you don't want to allow external connections to the Web Manager web-based console, append the --local-admin-access command line argument to the initialization command above:

    ./bin/admin-commands.sh initialize \
        --local-admin-access \
        --init-admin ADMIN \
        --init-password PASS

The initialization step is not required when upgrading SFTPPlus. It will not overwrite the configuration file, SSH keys, and SSL keys and certificates, if existing. In the case that you want to generate a new configuration, manually remove the existing files first.

## 2.3.5. Configuring the SFTPPlus process user and group

For improved security, SFTPPlus is started by default under a regular account. This requires a dedicated operating system account to be created.

In the following examples, we use the default configuration value of `sftpplus` for the name of the user to run SFTPPlus.

To create an `sftpplus` group and user:

    groupadd sftpplus
    useradd -g sftpplus -c "SFTPPlus" -s /bin/sh -d /opt/sftpplus -M sftpplus

Note

On Alpine Linux, these tools might be missing, for more instructions check the advanced Linux installation page.

You need to adjust the ownership of the files to match the newly created OS user:

    cd /opt && chown -R root:root sftpplus
    cd /opt/sftpplus && chown -R sftpplus:sftpplus configuration log run

## 2.3.6. Init system configuration with systemd

On Linux, SFTPPlus' process is managed by the init system bundled with the distribution: systemd, OpenRC, SysV init, etc.

This page is dedicated to systemd-based distributions such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux version 7 or later, Ubuntu Server 16.04 LTS or later, Amazon Linux version 2 or later, etc.

Instructions for distributions not using systemd are available in our advanced Linux installation page.

To configure your operating system to automatically start SFTPPlus on boot, you can use the systemd unit file provided with SFTPPlus.

Customize the WorkingDirectory, ExecStart, and PIDFile paths in accordance to your SFTPPlus installation. By default, the `sftpplus` user is set for User and Group in the systemd unit file, as SFTPPlus runs under a non-root account at all times. This user must be created as detailed in the previous section. You can also replace it with another username, as long as it's created appropriately.

Edit this file with your favourite editor, e.g. vi:

    cd /opt/sftpplus
    vi bin/sftpplus-mft.service

When done, copy it to your systemd's system sub-directory:

    cd /opt/sftpplus
    cp bin/sftpplus-mft.service /etc/systemd/system/

## 2.3.7. Starting and stopping SFTPPlus

In order to start / stop / restart SFTPPlus, or to check its status, you may use:

    systemctl start sftpplus-mft
    systemctl stop sftpplus-mft

The generic command is:

    systemctl COMMAND sftpplus-mft

The following COMMANDs are available:

> - start

> - stop

> - restart

> - try-restart

> - status

> - is-active

> - is-failed

> - show

> - list-dependencies

## 2.3.8. Running SFTPPlus on boot

To enable launching SFTPPlus on startup:

    systemctl enable sftpplus-mft

## 2.3.9. Listening on privileged ports

By default, only the OS `root` account is allowed to bind ports below 1024.

One generic solution is to set up SFTPPlus to listen on a port above 1024, then set up port-forwarding in your firewall configuration.

Another method is to grant permissions to listen on privileged ports using the Linux capabilities system. The relevant capability in this case is cap_net_bind_service, which controls port-listening permissions.

Linux capabilities are associated to a process. A dedicated command-line tool named setcap is required to configure capabilities for the associated binary.

To allow the SFTPPlus process to listen on ports below 1024, the command will look similar to the following example:

    $ sudo setcap 'cap_net_bind_service=+ep' SFTPPLUS_INSTALL_PATH/bin/python

You can then start SFTPPlus as a non-root user and listen on ports below 1024.

For more details, see man 7 capabilities on your Linux distribution.

Note

On some Linux distributions, you might need to install an extra package to have setcap available, such as libcap or libcap2-bin.

## 2.3.10. First Steps

After starting SFTPPlus, the Web Manager is a good way to visualize the current configuration that is available, and is even configurable itself.

We highly recommend going through the Getting Started on Windows guide or Getting Started on Linux guide first as it contains additional tips for new SFTPPlus installations.

There is also an FAQ section if you have an idea, but are in search of answers.

If you want to skip ahead, the Configuration Instructions or the Usage Instructions will contain detailed information to configure and operate SFTPPlus.

2.2. Windows Installation
2.4. Advanced Linux installation